INTRODUCTION TO SOIL MECHANICS:
SOIL :
THE
GENERAL MEANING OF SOIL IS DEPENDS UPON
THE PROFESSIONAL FIELD IN WHICH IT IS BEING CONSIDERED.
UNDER
THE OPINION OF:
AGRICULTURIST, SOIL IS THE SUBSTANCE ON THE EARTH’S CRUST
WHICH HELPS TO GROWS AND DEVELOPS PLANT LIFE.
GEOLOGIST, IT ALSO THE MATERIAL ON TOP OF THE EARTH’S CRUST RELATIVELY
THIN SURFACE WITHIN WHICH ROOTS OCCUR.
ENGINEER, IT IS THE UNCEMENTED DEPOSITS OF MINERAL AND/OR ORGANIC
PARTICLES COVERING LARGE PORTION OF THE EARTH’S CRUST.
SOIL AND FOUNDATION ENGINEERING:
SOIL ENGINEERING, SOIL MECHANICS OR
GEOTECHNIQUE IS INVOLVING THE STUDY OF
SOIL , IT’S BEHAVIOR AND APPLICATION AS AN ENGINEERING MATERIAL.
TERZAGHI( 1984) :
“SOIL
MECHANICS IS THE APPLICATION OF LAWS OF MECHANICS AND HYDRAULICS TO ENGINEERING
PROBLEM DEALING WITH SEDIMENTS AND OTHER UNCONSOLIDATED ACCUMULATIONS OF SOLID
PARTICLES PRODUCED BY THE MECHANICAL AND
CHEMICAL DISINTEGRATION OF ROCKS REGARDLESS OF WEATHER OR NOT THEY CONTAIN AN
ADMIXTURE OF ORGANIC CONSTITUENT”.
TAYLOR(1948):
FOUNDATION ENGINEERING IS
ASSOCIATED WITH THE DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION, MAINTENANCE, AND RENOVATION OF
FOOTINGS, FOUNDATION WALLS, PILE FOUNDATIONS, CASSIONS, AND ALL OTHER
STRUCTURAL MEMBERS WHICH FORM THE FOUNDATIONS OF BUILDINGS AND OTHER
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES.
CIVIL
ENGINEERING PROBLEMS:
1.EVERY CIVIL ENGINEERING STRUCTURE, SUCH
AS BUILDING, BRIDGE, TOWER, EMBANKMENT, PAVEMENT, RAILWAY LINE, TUNNEL OR A DAM
FOUNDED ON THE SOIL.
2.ALL OF THOSE STRUCTURES TRANSMIT THE
LOADS TO THE SOIL STRATUM.
3. HENCE, SOIL IS THE ULTIMATE FOUNDATION
MATERIAL WHICH SUPPORT THE STRUCTURE.
4. THE PROPER FUNCTIONING OF THE STRUCTURE
DEPEND CRITICALLY ON THE SUCCESS OF THE FOUNDATION ELEMENT RESTING ON THE SOIL
STRATUM.
5. SINCE , SOIL IS IN DIRECT CONTACT WITH
THE STRUCTURE, ACTS AS A LOAD TRANSFER MEDIUM AND HENCE MUST CONSIDER THE
ASPECT OF STRESS DISTRIBUTION THROUGH SOIL.
6. LEYGUE, 1885, IN FRANCE- DEVELOPED SHEAR
BOX TO MEASURE THE SHEAR STRENGTH OF SAND. LATER IT WAS MODIFIED BY KREY, 1918
IN GERMANY
7. ATTERBERG, 1911, DEFINED DIFFERENT STAGES
OF CONSISTENCY W.R.T WATER CONTENT OF CLAYEY SOIL.
8. L. PRANDTL, 1920, GAVE THEORY OF PLASTIC EQUILIBRIUM ON THE BASIS OF
VARIOUS BEARING CAPACITY THEORIES. LATER IT IS
DEVELOPED BY DR. KERL TERZAGHI,1923, IN HIS THEORY OF CONSOLIDATION.
9. •TERZAGHI,1925,
PUBLISHED FAMOUS BOOK NAMED IN GERMAN TITLE “ ERDBAUMECHANIK” AND HE IS CALLED
AS “FATHER OF SOIL MECHANICS”.
10. PROCTOR, 1933, GAVE THE PRINCIPLES OF
SOIL COMPACTION.
FIELD
OF SOIL MECHANICS:
- FOUNDATION DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION.
- PAVEMENT DESIGN.
- DESIGN OF UNDERGROUND STRUCTURES AND EARTH RETAINING STRUCTURES.
- DESIGN OF EMBANKMENTS AND EXCAVATIONS.
- .DESIGN OF EARTH DAMS
0 comments: